📘 Class 12 Business Studies – Chapter 2: Principles of Management Quick Revision Notes + PYQs
🌟 Meaning
👉 Principles of Management = Fundamental truths / guidelines jo managers ko decision‑making aur behaviour me help karte hain.
👉 Simple line: “Principles of Management are broad guidelines to managerial action.”
📝 Features
- 📊 Universal applicability (sabhi organisations me)
- 🔄 Flexible (situation ke hisaab se adapt hote hain)
- 🧠 General guidelines (exact solution nahi dete)
- 👨💼 Formed by practice & experimentation
- ⚡ Cause & effect relationship show karte hain
📌 Importance of Principles of Management
- ✅ Provide useful insights to managers
- ✅ Optimum utilisation of resources
- ✅ Scientific decisions lena easy hota hai
- ✅ Meeting changing environment requirements
- ✅ Fulfils social responsibility
- ✅ Management training, education & research me help
🔑 Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management
1️⃣ Division of Work
2️⃣ Authority & Responsibility
3️⃣ Discipline
4️⃣ Unity of Command
5️⃣ Unity of Direction
6️⃣ Subordination of Individual Interest
7️⃣ Remuneration
8️⃣ Centralisation & Decentralisation
9️⃣ Scalar Chain
🔟 Order
1️⃣1️⃣ Equity
1️⃣2️⃣ Stability of Tenure
1️⃣3️⃣ Initiative
1️⃣4️⃣ Esprit de Corps (Team Spirit)
🎯 Exam Tips
- Agar Q me “Features” aaye → Universal, Flexible, General guidelines likho.
- Agar “Importance” aaye → Insights, Resources, Scientific decision yaad rakho.
- Agar “Fayol’s Principles” aaye → 14 me se koi bhi 5–6 explain kar do.
🧠 Memory Trick:
👉 DAD‑UU‑RCS‑ESEI = Division, Authority, Discipline, Unity (2), Remuneration, Centralisation, Scalar chain, Equity, Stability, Esprit, Initiative
⚡ Quick Keywords
Guidelines | Universal | Flexible | Fayol | Division of Work | Unity of Command | Team Spirit
📌 PYQs (Past Year Questions)
1️⃣ 2021 – Explain any five principles of management given by Henri Fayol. (5 marks)
2️⃣ 2020 – State any four features of principles of management. (4 marks)
3️⃣ 2019 – “Principles of management are flexible.” Explain. (3 marks)
4️⃣ 2018 – Explain the importance of principles of management in decision‑making. (4 marks)
5️⃣ 2017 – State any three importance of principles of management. (3 marks)
“Revision easy banane ke liye niche diya hai next chapter ka link 👇”
CHAPTER 1 :- NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 2 :- PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 3 :- BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER 4 :- PLANNING
CHAPTER 5 :- ORGANISING
CHAPTER 6 :- STAFFING
CHAPTER 7 :- DIRECTING
CHAPTER 8 :- CONTROLLING